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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | papan |
Genitive: | papanən |
Dative: | papanlan |
Accusative: | papanəm |
Comparative: | papanla |
Comitative: | papange |
Inessive: | papanəʃte |
Illative: | papanəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | papaneʃ |
1SG: | papanem |
2SG: | papanet |
3SG: | papanʒe |
1PL: | papanːa |
2PL: | papanda |
3PL: | papanəʃt |
Plural (1): | papan-βlak |
Plural (2): | papan-ʃamət͡ɕ |
Short Plural: | papanla |
Sociative Plural: | papanmət |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | papanem | papan-βlak | papan-βlakem, papanem-βlak |
Genitive: | papanemən | papan-βlakən | papan-βlakemən, papanem-βlakən |
Dative: | papanemlan, papanlanem | papan-βlaklan | papan-βlakemlan, papanem-βlaklan |
Accusative: | papaneməm | papan-βlakəm | papan-βlakeməm, papanem-βlakəm |
Comparative: | papanemla, papanlam | papan-βlakla | papan-βlakemla, papanem-βlakla |
Comitative: | papanemge | papan-βlakge | papan-βlakemge, papanem-βlakge |
Inessive: | papanəʃtem | papan-βlakəʃte | papan-βlakəʃtem, papanem-βlakəʃte |
Illative: | papanəʃkem | papan-βlakəʃ(ke) | papan-βlakəʃkem, papanem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | papaneʃem | papan-βlakeʃ | papan-βlakeʃem, papanem-βlakeʃ |
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Last update: 11 September 2024 Accessibility statement (German) |