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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | papa |
Genitive: | papan |
Dative: | papalan |
Accusative: | papam |
Comparative: | papala |
Comitative: | papage |
Inessive: | papaʃte |
Illative: | papaʃ(ke) |
Lative: | papaʃ |
1SG: | papam |
2SG: | papat |
3SG: | papaʒ(e) |
1PL: | papana |
2PL: | papada |
3PL: | papaʃt |
Plural (1): | papa-βlak |
Plural (2): | papa-ʃamət͡ɕ |
Short Plural: | papala |
Sociative Plural: | papamət |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | papam | papa-βlak | papa-βlakem, papam-βlak |
Genitive: | papamən | papa-βlakən | papa-βlakemən, papam-βlakən |
Dative: | papamlan, papalanem | papa-βlaklan | papa-βlakemlan, papam-βlaklan |
Accusative: | papaməm | papa-βlakəm | papa-βlakeməm, papam-βlakəm |
Comparative: | papamla, papalam | papa-βlakla | papa-βlakemla, papam-βlakla |
Comitative: | papamge | papa-βlakge | papa-βlakemge, papam-βlakge |
Inessive: | papaʃtem | papa-βlakəʃte | papa-βlakəʃtem, papam-βlakəʃte |
Illative: | papaʃkem | papa-βlakəʃ(ke) | papa-βlakəʃkem, papam-βlakəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | papaʃem | papa-βlakeʃ | papa-βlakeʃem, papam-βlakeʃ |
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Last update: 11 September 2024 Accessibility statement (German) |