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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | pont͡ɕikem | om pont͡ɕik |
| 2SG: | pont͡ɕiket | ot pont͡ɕik |
| 3SG: | pont͡ɕika | ok/ogeʃ pont͡ɕik |
| 1PL: | pont͡ɕikena | ona/ogəna pont͡ɕik |
| 2PL: | pont͡ɕikeda | oda/ogəda pont͡ɕik |
| 3PL: | pont͡ɕikat | ogət pont͡ɕik |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | pont͡ɕikəʃəm | ʃəm pont͡ɕik |
| 2SG: | pont͡ɕikəʃət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ pont͡ɕik |
| 3SG: | pont͡ɕikəʃ | əʃ pont͡ɕik |
| 1PL: | pont͡ɕikəʃna | əʃna pont͡ɕik |
| 2PL: | pont͡ɕikəʃda | əʃda pont͡ɕik |
| 3PL: | pont͡ɕikəʃt | əʃt pont͡ɕik |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | pont͡ɕikenam | pont͡ɕiken oməl |
| 2SG: | pont͡ɕikenat | pont͡ɕiken otəl |
| 3SG: | pont͡ɕiken | pont͡ɕiken ogəl |
| 1PL: | pont͡ɕikenːa | pont͡ɕiken onal/ogənal |
| 2PL: | pont͡ɕikenda | pont͡ɕiken odal/ogədal |
| 3PL: | pont͡ɕikenət | pont͡ɕiken ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | pont͡ɕikem əʎe | om pont͡ɕik əʎe |
| 2SG: | pont͡ɕiket əʎe | ot pont͡ɕik əʎe |
| 3SG: | pont͡ɕika əʎe | ok/ogeʃ pont͡ɕik əʎe |
| 1PL: | pont͡ɕikena əʎe | ona/ogəna pont͡ɕik əʎe |
| 2PL: | pont͡ɕikeda əʎe | oda/ogəda pont͡ɕik əʎe |
| 3PL: | pont͡ɕikat əʎe | ogət pont͡ɕik əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | pont͡ɕikem ulmaʃ | om pont͡ɕik ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | pont͡ɕiket ulmaʃ | ot pont͡ɕik ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | pont͡ɕika ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ pont͡ɕik ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | pont͡ɕikena ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna pont͡ɕik ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | pont͡ɕikeda ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda pont͡ɕik ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | pont͡ɕikat ulmaʃ | ogət pont͡ɕik ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | pont͡ɕikenam əʎe | pont͡ɕiken oməl əʎe |
| 2SG: | pont͡ɕikenat əʎe | pont͡ɕiken otəl əʎe |
| 3SG: | pont͡ɕiken əʎe | pont͡ɕiken ogəl əʎe |
| 1PL: | pont͡ɕikenːa əʎe | pont͡ɕiken onal/ogənal əʎe |
| 2PL: | pont͡ɕikenda əʎe | pont͡ɕiken odal/ogədal əʎe |
| 3PL: | pont͡ɕiken əʎe | pont͡ɕiken ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | pont͡ɕikenam ulmaʃ | pont͡ɕiken oməl ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | pont͡ɕikenat ulmaʃ | pont͡ɕiken otəl ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | pont͡ɕiken ulmaʃ | pont͡ɕiken ogəl ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | pont͡ɕikenːa ulmaʃ | pont͡ɕiken onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | pont͡ɕikenda ulmaʃ | pont͡ɕiken odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | pont͡ɕiken ulmaʃ | pont͡ɕiken ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | pont͡ɕik | it pont͡ɕik |
| 3SG: | pont͡ɕikʃe | ənʒe pont͡ɕik |
| 1PL: | (pont͡ɕikena) | (ona/ogəna pont͡ɕik) |
| 2PL: | pont͡ɕiksa | ida pont͡ɕik |
| 3PL: | pont͡ɕikəʃt | ənəʃt pont͡ɕik |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | pont͡ɕiknem | ənem pont͡ɕik |
| 2SG: | pont͡ɕiknet | ənet pont͡ɕik |
| 3SG: | pont͡ɕikneʒe | əneʒ pont͡ɕik |
| 1PL: | pont͡ɕiknena | ənena pont͡ɕik |
| 2PL: | pont͡ɕikneda | əneda pont͡ɕik |
| 3PL: | pont͡ɕikneʃt | əneʃt pont͡ɕik |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | pont͡ɕiknem əʎe | ənem pont͡ɕik əʎe |
| 2SG: | pont͡ɕiknena əʎe | ənet pont͡ɕik əʎe |
| 3SG: | pont͡ɕikneʒe əʎe | əneʒ pont͡ɕik əʎe |
| 1PL: | pont͡ɕiknena əʎe | ənena pont͡ɕik əʎe |
| 2PL: | pont͡ɕikneda əʎe | əneda pont͡ɕik əʎe |
| 3PL: | pont͡ɕikneʃt əʎe | əneʃt pont͡ɕik əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | pont͡ɕiknet ulmaʃ | ənet pont͡ɕik ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | pont͡ɕikneʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ pont͡ɕik ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | pont͡ɕikneda ulmaʃ | əneda pont͡ɕik ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | pont͡ɕikneʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt pont͡ɕik ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | pont͡ɕikaʃ |
| Necessitive infinitive: | pont͡ɕikman |
| Active participle: | pont͡ɕikʃe |
| Passive participle: | pont͡ɕikme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | pont͡ɕikʃaʃ |
| Negative participle: | pont͡ɕikdəme |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | pont͡ɕiken |
| Negative gerund: | pont͡ɕikde |
| Gerund of prior action: | pont͡ɕikmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | pont͡ɕikmeʃ(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | pont͡ɕikʃəla |
| Nominalization: | pont͡ɕikmaʃ |
| Negative nominalization: | pont͡ɕikdəmaʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 26 June 2024 | ||