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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | rustajem | om rusta |
| 2SG: | rustajet | ot rusta |
| 3SG: | rustaa | ok/ogeš rusta |
| 1PL: | rustajena | ona/ogə̑na rusta |
| 2PL: | rustajeda | oda/ogə̑da rusta |
| 3PL: | rustaat | ogə̑t rusta |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | rustašə̑m | šə̑m rusta |
| 2SG: | rustašə̑č́ | šə̑č́ rusta |
| 3SG: | rustaš | ə̑š rusta |
| 1PL: | rustašna | ə̑šna rusta |
| 2PL: | rustašda | ə̑šda rusta |
| 3PL: | rustašt | ə̑št rusta |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | rustajenam | rustajen omə̑l |
| 2SG: | rustajenat | rustajen otə̑l |
| 3SG: | rustajen | rustajen ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | rustajenna | rustajen onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | rustajenda | rustajen odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | rustajenə̑t | rustajen ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | rustajem ə̑l'e | om rusta ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | rustajet ə̑l'e | ot rusta ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | rustaa ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš rusta ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | rustajena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na rusta ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | rustajeda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da rusta ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | rustaat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t rusta ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | rustajem ulmaš | om rusta ulmaš |
| 2SG: | rustajet ulmaš | ot rusta ulmaš |
| 3SG: | rustaa ulmaš | ok/ogeš rusta ulmaš |
| 1PL: | rustajena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na rusta ulmaš |
| 2PL: | rustajeda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da rusta ulmaš |
| 3PL: | rustaat ulmaš | ogə̑t rusta ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | rustajenam ə̑l'e | rustajen omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | rustajenat ə̑l'e | rustajen otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | rustajen ə̑l'e | rustajen ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | rustajenna ə̑l'e | rustajen onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | rustajenda ə̑l'e | rustajen odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | rustajen ə̑l'e | rustajen ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | rustajenam ulmaš | rustajen omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | rustajenat ulmaš | rustajen otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | rustajen ulmaš | rustajen ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | rustajenna ulmaš | rustajen onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | rustajenda ulmaš | rustajen odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | rustajen ulmaš | rustajen ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | rusta | it rusta |
| 3SG: | rustaže | ə̑nže rusta |
| 1PL: | (rustajena) | (ona/ogə̑na rusta) |
| 2PL: | rustaza | ida rusta |
| 3PL: | rustašt | ə̑nə̑št rusta |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | rustanem | ə̑nem rusta |
| 2SG: | rustanet | ə̑net rusta |
| 3SG: | rustaneže | ə̑než rusta |
| 1PL: | rustanena | ə̑nena rusta |
| 2PL: | rustaneda | ə̑neda rusta |
| 3PL: | rustanešt | ə̑nešt rusta |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | rustanem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem rusta ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | rustanena ə̑l'e | ə̑net rusta ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | rustaneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než rusta ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | rustanena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena rusta ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | rustaneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda rusta ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | rustanešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt rusta ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | rustanet ulmaš | ə̑net rusta ulmaš |
| 3SG: | rustaneže ulmaš | ə̑než rusta ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | rustaneda ulmaš | ə̑neda rusta ulmaš |
| 3PL: | rustanešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt rusta ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | rustaaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | rustaman |
| Active participle: | rustaše |
| Passive participle: | rustame |
| Future-necessitive participle: | rustašaš |
| Negative participle: | rustadə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | rustajen |
| Negative gerund: | rustade |
| Gerund of prior action: | rustamek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | rustameš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | rustašə̑la |
| Nominalization: | rustamaš |
| Negative nominalization: | rustadə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 26 June 2024 | ||