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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ruʃkukuem | om ruʃkuku |
| 2SG: | ruʃkukuet | ot ruʃkuku |
| 3SG: | ruʃkukua | ok/ogeʃ ruʃkuku |
| 1PL: | ruʃkukuena | ona/ogəna ruʃkuku |
| 2PL: | ruʃkukueda | oda/ogəda ruʃkuku |
| 3PL: | ruʃkukuat | ogət ruʃkuku |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ruʃkukuʃəm | ʃəm ruʃkuku |
| 2SG: | ruʃkukuʃət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ ruʃkuku |
| 3SG: | ruʃkukuʃ | əʃ ruʃkuku |
| 1PL: | ruʃkukuʃna | əʃna ruʃkuku |
| 2PL: | ruʃkukuʃda | əʃda ruʃkuku |
| 3PL: | ruʃkukuʃt | əʃt ruʃkuku |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ruʃkukuenam | ruʃkukuen oməl |
| 2SG: | ruʃkukuenat | ruʃkukuen otəl |
| 3SG: | ruʃkukuen | ruʃkukuen ogəl |
| 1PL: | ruʃkukuenːa | ruʃkukuen onal/ogənal |
| 2PL: | ruʃkukuenda | ruʃkukuen odal/ogədal |
| 3PL: | ruʃkukuenət | ruʃkukuen ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ruʃkukuem əʎe | om ruʃkuku əʎe |
| 2SG: | ruʃkukuet əʎe | ot ruʃkuku əʎe |
| 3SG: | ruʃkukua əʎe | ok/ogeʃ ruʃkuku əʎe |
| 1PL: | ruʃkukuena əʎe | ona/ogəna ruʃkuku əʎe |
| 2PL: | ruʃkukueda əʎe | oda/ogəda ruʃkuku əʎe |
| 3PL: | ruʃkukuat əʎe | ogət ruʃkuku əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ruʃkukuem ulmaʃ | om ruʃkuku ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | ruʃkukuet ulmaʃ | ot ruʃkuku ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | ruʃkukua ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ ruʃkuku ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | ruʃkukuena ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna ruʃkuku ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | ruʃkukueda ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda ruʃkuku ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | ruʃkukuat ulmaʃ | ogət ruʃkuku ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ruʃkukuenam əʎe | ruʃkukuen oməl əʎe |
| 2SG: | ruʃkukuenat əʎe | ruʃkukuen otəl əʎe |
| 3SG: | ruʃkukuen əʎe | ruʃkukuen ogəl əʎe |
| 1PL: | ruʃkukuenːa əʎe | ruʃkukuen onal/ogənal əʎe |
| 2PL: | ruʃkukuenda əʎe | ruʃkukuen odal/ogədal əʎe |
| 3PL: | ruʃkukuen əʎe | ruʃkukuen ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ruʃkukuenam ulmaʃ | ruʃkukuen oməl ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | ruʃkukuenat ulmaʃ | ruʃkukuen otəl ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | ruʃkukuen ulmaʃ | ruʃkukuen ogəl ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | ruʃkukuenːa ulmaʃ | ruʃkukuen onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | ruʃkukuenda ulmaʃ | ruʃkukuen odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | ruʃkukuen ulmaʃ | ruʃkukuen ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | ruʃkuku | it ruʃkuku |
| 3SG: | ruʃkukuʒo | ənʒe ruʃkuku |
| 1PL: | (ruʃkukuena) | (ona/ogəna ruʃkuku) |
| 2PL: | ruʃkukuza | ida ruʃkuku |
| 3PL: | ruʃkukuʃt | ənəʃt ruʃkuku |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ruʃkukunem | ənem ruʃkuku |
| 2SG: | ruʃkukunet | ənet ruʃkuku |
| 3SG: | ruʃkukuneʒe | əneʒ ruʃkuku |
| 1PL: | ruʃkukunena | ənena ruʃkuku |
| 2PL: | ruʃkukuneda | əneda ruʃkuku |
| 3PL: | ruʃkukuneʃt | əneʃt ruʃkuku |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ruʃkukunem əʎe | ənem ruʃkuku əʎe |
| 2SG: | ruʃkukunena əʎe | ənet ruʃkuku əʎe |
| 3SG: | ruʃkukuneʒe əʎe | əneʒ ruʃkuku əʎe |
| 1PL: | ruʃkukunena əʎe | ənena ruʃkuku əʎe |
| 2PL: | ruʃkukuneda əʎe | əneda ruʃkuku əʎe |
| 3PL: | ruʃkukuneʃt əʎe | əneʃt ruʃkuku əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | ruʃkukunet ulmaʃ | ənet ruʃkuku ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | ruʃkukuneʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ ruʃkuku ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | ruʃkukuneda ulmaʃ | əneda ruʃkuku ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | ruʃkukuneʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt ruʃkuku ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | ruʃkukuaʃ |
| Necessitive infinitive: | ruʃkukuman |
| Active participle: | ruʃkukuʃo |
| Passive participle: | ruʃkukumo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | ruʃkukuʃaʃ |
| Negative participle: | ruʃkukudəmo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | ruʃkukuen |
| Negative gerund: | ruʃkukude |
| Gerund of prior action: | ruʃkukumek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | ruʃkukumeʃ(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | ruʃkukuʃəla |
| Nominalization: | ruʃkukumaʃ |
| Negative nominalization: | ruʃkukudəmaʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 8 June 2024 | ||