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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | sapnaltə̑šanem | om sapnaltə̑šan |
| 2SG: | sapnaltə̑šanet | ot sapnaltə̑šan |
| 3SG: | sapnaltə̑šana | ok/ogeš sapnaltə̑šan |
| 1PL: | sapnaltə̑šanena | ona/ogə̑na sapnaltə̑šan |
| 2PL: | sapnaltə̑šaneda | oda/ogə̑da sapnaltə̑šan |
| 3PL: | sapnaltə̑šanat | ogə̑t sapnaltə̑šan |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | sapnaltə̑šanə̑šə̑m | šə̑m sapnaltə̑šan |
| 2SG: | sapnaltə̑šanə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ sapnaltə̑šan |
| 3SG: | sapnaltə̑šanə̑š | ə̑š sapnaltə̑šan |
| 1PL: | sapnaltə̑šanə̑šna | ə̑šna sapnaltə̑šan |
| 2PL: | sapnaltə̑šanə̑šda | ə̑šda sapnaltə̑šan |
| 3PL: | sapnaltə̑šanə̑št | ə̑št sapnaltə̑šan |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | sapnaltə̑šanenam | sapnaltə̑šanen omə̑l |
| 2SG: | sapnaltə̑šanenat | sapnaltə̑šanen otə̑l |
| 3SG: | sapnaltə̑šanen | sapnaltə̑šanen ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | sapnaltə̑šanenna | sapnaltə̑šanen onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | sapnaltə̑šanenda | sapnaltə̑šanen odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | sapnaltə̑šanenə̑t | sapnaltə̑šanen ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | sapnaltə̑šanem ə̑l'e | om sapnaltə̑šan ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | sapnaltə̑šanet ə̑l'e | ot sapnaltə̑šan ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | sapnaltə̑šana ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš sapnaltə̑šan ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | sapnaltə̑šanena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na sapnaltə̑šan ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | sapnaltə̑šaneda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da sapnaltə̑šan ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | sapnaltə̑šanat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t sapnaltə̑šan ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | sapnaltə̑šanem ulmaš | om sapnaltə̑šan ulmaš |
| 2SG: | sapnaltə̑šanet ulmaš | ot sapnaltə̑šan ulmaš |
| 3SG: | sapnaltə̑šana ulmaš | ok/ogeš sapnaltə̑šan ulmaš |
| 1PL: | sapnaltə̑šanena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na sapnaltə̑šan ulmaš |
| 2PL: | sapnaltə̑šaneda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da sapnaltə̑šan ulmaš |
| 3PL: | sapnaltə̑šanat ulmaš | ogə̑t sapnaltə̑šan ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | sapnaltə̑šanenam ə̑l'e | sapnaltə̑šanen omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | sapnaltə̑šanenat ə̑l'e | sapnaltə̑šanen otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | sapnaltə̑šanen ə̑l'e | sapnaltə̑šanen ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | sapnaltə̑šanenna ə̑l'e | sapnaltə̑šanen onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | sapnaltə̑šanenda ə̑l'e | sapnaltə̑šanen odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | sapnaltə̑šanen ə̑l'e | sapnaltə̑šanen ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | sapnaltə̑šanenam ulmaš | sapnaltə̑šanen omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | sapnaltə̑šanenat ulmaš | sapnaltə̑šanen otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | sapnaltə̑šanen ulmaš | sapnaltə̑šanen ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | sapnaltə̑šanenna ulmaš | sapnaltə̑šanen onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | sapnaltə̑šanenda ulmaš | sapnaltə̑šanen odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | sapnaltə̑šanen ulmaš | sapnaltə̑šanen ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | sapnaltə̑šan | it sapnaltə̑šan |
| 3SG: | sapnaltə̑šanže | ə̑nže sapnaltə̑šan |
| 1PL: | (sapnaltə̑šanena) | (ona/ogə̑na sapnaltə̑šan) |
| 2PL: | sapnaltə̑šanza | ida sapnaltə̑šan |
| 3PL: | sapnaltə̑šanə̑št | ə̑nə̑št sapnaltə̑šan |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | sapnaltə̑šannem | ə̑nem sapnaltə̑šan |
| 2SG: | sapnaltə̑šannet | ə̑net sapnaltə̑šan |
| 3SG: | sapnaltə̑šanneže | ə̑než sapnaltə̑šan |
| 1PL: | sapnaltə̑šannena | ə̑nena sapnaltə̑šan |
| 2PL: | sapnaltə̑šanneda | ə̑neda sapnaltə̑šan |
| 3PL: | sapnaltə̑šannešt | ə̑nešt sapnaltə̑šan |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | sapnaltə̑šannem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem sapnaltə̑šan ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | sapnaltə̑šannena ə̑l'e | ə̑net sapnaltə̑šan ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | sapnaltə̑šanneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než sapnaltə̑šan ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | sapnaltə̑šannena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena sapnaltə̑šan ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | sapnaltə̑šanneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda sapnaltə̑šan ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | sapnaltə̑šannešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt sapnaltə̑šan ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | sapnaltə̑šannet ulmaš | ə̑net sapnaltə̑šan ulmaš |
| 3SG: | sapnaltə̑šanneže ulmaš | ə̑než sapnaltə̑šan ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | sapnaltə̑šanneda ulmaš | ə̑neda sapnaltə̑šan ulmaš |
| 3PL: | sapnaltə̑šannešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt sapnaltə̑šan ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | sapnaltə̑šanaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | sapnaltə̑šanman |
| Active participle: | sapnaltə̑šanše |
| Passive participle: | sapnaltə̑šanme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | sapnaltə̑šanšaš |
| Negative participle: | sapnaltə̑šandə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | sapnaltə̑šanen |
| Negative gerund: | sapnaltə̑šande |
| Gerund of prior action: | sapnaltə̑šanmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | sapnaltə̑šanmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | sapnaltə̑šanšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | sapnaltə̑šanmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | sapnaltə̑šandə̑maš |
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| Last update: 8 June 2024 | ||