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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | spiraʎem | om spiraʎ |
| 2SG: | spiraʎet | ot spiraʎ |
| 3SG: | spiraʎa | ok/ogeʃ spiraʎ |
| 1PL: | spiraʎena | ona/ogəna spiraʎ |
| 2PL: | spiraʎeda | oda/ogəda spiraʎ |
| 3PL: | spiraʎat | ogət spiraʎ |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | spiraʎəʃəm | ʃəm spiraʎ |
| 2SG: | spiraʎəʃət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ spiraʎ |
| 3SG: | spiraʎəʃ | əʃ spiraʎ |
| 1PL: | spiraʎəʃna | əʃna spiraʎ |
| 2PL: | spiraʎəʃda | əʃda spiraʎ |
| 3PL: | spiraʎəʃt | əʃt spiraʎ |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | spiraʎenam | spiraʎen oməl |
| 2SG: | spiraʎenat | spiraʎen otəl |
| 3SG: | spiraʎen | spiraʎen ogəl |
| 1PL: | spiraʎenːa | spiraʎen onal/ogənal |
| 2PL: | spiraʎenda | spiraʎen odal/ogədal |
| 3PL: | spiraʎenət | spiraʎen ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | spiraʎem əʎe | om spiraʎ əʎe |
| 2SG: | spiraʎet əʎe | ot spiraʎ əʎe |
| 3SG: | spiraʎa əʎe | ok/ogeʃ spiraʎ əʎe |
| 1PL: | spiraʎena əʎe | ona/ogəna spiraʎ əʎe |
| 2PL: | spiraʎeda əʎe | oda/ogəda spiraʎ əʎe |
| 3PL: | spiraʎat əʎe | ogət spiraʎ əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | spiraʎem ulmaʃ | om spiraʎ ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | spiraʎet ulmaʃ | ot spiraʎ ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | spiraʎa ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ spiraʎ ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | spiraʎena ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna spiraʎ ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | spiraʎeda ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda spiraʎ ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | spiraʎat ulmaʃ | ogət spiraʎ ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | spiraʎenam əʎe | spiraʎen oməl əʎe |
| 2SG: | spiraʎenat əʎe | spiraʎen otəl əʎe |
| 3SG: | spiraʎen əʎe | spiraʎen ogəl əʎe |
| 1PL: | spiraʎenːa əʎe | spiraʎen onal/ogənal əʎe |
| 2PL: | spiraʎenda əʎe | spiraʎen odal/ogədal əʎe |
| 3PL: | spiraʎen əʎe | spiraʎen ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | spiraʎenam ulmaʃ | spiraʎen oməl ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | spiraʎenat ulmaʃ | spiraʎen otəl ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | spiraʎen ulmaʃ | spiraʎen ogəl ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | spiraʎenːa ulmaʃ | spiraʎen onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | spiraʎenda ulmaʃ | spiraʎen odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | spiraʎen ulmaʃ | spiraʎen ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | spiraʎ | it spiraʎ |
| 3SG: | spiraʎʒe | ənʒe spiraʎ |
| 1PL: | (spiraʎena) | (ona/ogəna spiraʎ) |
| 2PL: | spiraʎza | ida spiraʎ |
| 3PL: | spiraʎəʃt | ənəʃt spiraʎ |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | spiraʎnem | ənem spiraʎ |
| 2SG: | spiraʎnet | ənet spiraʎ |
| 3SG: | spiraʎneʒe | əneʒ spiraʎ |
| 1PL: | spiraʎnena | ənena spiraʎ |
| 2PL: | spiraʎneda | əneda spiraʎ |
| 3PL: | spiraʎneʃt | əneʃt spiraʎ |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | spiraʎnem əʎe | ənem spiraʎ əʎe |
| 2SG: | spiraʎnena əʎe | ənet spiraʎ əʎe |
| 3SG: | spiraʎneʒe əʎe | əneʒ spiraʎ əʎe |
| 1PL: | spiraʎnena əʎe | ənena spiraʎ əʎe |
| 2PL: | spiraʎneda əʎe | əneda spiraʎ əʎe |
| 3PL: | spiraʎneʃt əʎe | əneʃt spiraʎ əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | spiraʎnet ulmaʃ | ənet spiraʎ ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | spiraʎneʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ spiraʎ ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | spiraʎneda ulmaʃ | əneda spiraʎ ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | spiraʎneʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt spiraʎ ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | spiraʎaʃ |
| Necessitive infinitive: | spiraʎman |
| Active participle: | spiraʎʃe |
| Passive participle: | spiraʎme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | spiraʎʃaʃ |
| Negative participle: | spiraʎdəme |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | spiraʎen |
| Negative gerund: | spiraʎde |
| Gerund of prior action: | spiraʎmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | spiraʎmeʃ(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | spiraʎʃəla |
| Nominalization: | spiraʎmaʃ |
| Negative nominalization: | spiraʎdəmaʃ |
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| Last update: 11 September 2024 Accessibility statement (German) |
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