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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topasem | om topas |
| 2SG: | topaset | ot topas |
| 3SG: | topasa | ok/ogeš topas |
| 1PL: | topasena | ona/ogə̑na topas |
| 2PL: | topaseda | oda/ogə̑da topas |
| 3PL: | topasat | ogə̑t topas |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topasə̑šə̑m | šə̑m topas |
| 2SG: | topasə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ topas |
| 3SG: | topasə̑š | ə̑š topas |
| 1PL: | topasə̑šna | ə̑šna topas |
| 2PL: | topasə̑šda | ə̑šda topas |
| 3PL: | topasə̑št | ə̑št topas |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topasenam | topasen omə̑l |
| 2SG: | topasenat | topasen otə̑l |
| 3SG: | topasen | topasen ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | topasenna | topasen onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | topasenda | topasen odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | topasenə̑t | topasen ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topasem ə̑l'e | om topas ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | topaset ə̑l'e | ot topas ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | topasa ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš topas ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | topasena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na topas ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | topaseda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da topas ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | topasat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t topas ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topasem ulmaš | om topas ulmaš |
| 2SG: | topaset ulmaš | ot topas ulmaš |
| 3SG: | topasa ulmaš | ok/ogeš topas ulmaš |
| 1PL: | topasena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na topas ulmaš |
| 2PL: | topaseda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da topas ulmaš |
| 3PL: | topasat ulmaš | ogə̑t topas ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topasenam ə̑l'e | topasen omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | topasenat ə̑l'e | topasen otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | topasen ə̑l'e | topasen ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | topasenna ə̑l'e | topasen onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | topasenda ə̑l'e | topasen odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | topasen ə̑l'e | topasen ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topasenam ulmaš | topasen omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | topasenat ulmaš | topasen otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | topasen ulmaš | topasen ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | topasenna ulmaš | topasen onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | topasenda ulmaš | topasen odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | topasen ulmaš | topasen ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | topas | it topas |
| 3SG: | topasše | ə̑nže topas |
| 1PL: | (topasena) | (ona/ogə̑na topas) |
| 2PL: | topassa | ida topas |
| 3PL: | topasə̑št | ə̑nə̑št topas |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topasnem | ə̑nem topas |
| 2SG: | topasnet | ə̑net topas |
| 3SG: | topasneže | ə̑než topas |
| 1PL: | topasnena | ə̑nena topas |
| 2PL: | topasneda | ə̑neda topas |
| 3PL: | topasnešt | ə̑nešt topas |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topasnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem topas ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | topasnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net topas ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | topasneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než topas ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | topasnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena topas ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | topasneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda topas ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | topasnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt topas ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | topasnet ulmaš | ə̑net topas ulmaš |
| 3SG: | topasneže ulmaš | ə̑než topas ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | topasneda ulmaš | ə̑neda topas ulmaš |
| 3PL: | topasnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt topas ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | topasaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | topasman |
| Active participle: | topasše |
| Passive participle: | topasme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | topasšaš |
| Negative participle: | topasdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | topasen |
| Negative gerund: | topasde |
| Gerund of prior action: | topasmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | topasmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | topasšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | topasmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | topasdə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 8 June 2024 | ||