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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topet͡sem | om topet͡s |
| 2SG: | topet͡set | ot topet͡s |
| 3SG: | topet͡sa | ok/ogeʃ topet͡s |
| 1PL: | topet͡sena | ona/ogəna topet͡s |
| 2PL: | topet͡seda | oda/ogəda topet͡s |
| 3PL: | topet͡sat | ogət topet͡s |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topet͡səʃəm | ʃəm topet͡s |
| 2SG: | topet͡səʃət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ topet͡s |
| 3SG: | topet͡səʃ | əʃ topet͡s |
| 1PL: | topet͡səʃna | əʃna topet͡s |
| 2PL: | topet͡səʃda | əʃda topet͡s |
| 3PL: | topet͡səʃt | əʃt topet͡s |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topet͡senam | topet͡sen oməl |
| 2SG: | topet͡senat | topet͡sen otəl |
| 3SG: | topet͡sen | topet͡sen ogəl |
| 1PL: | topet͡senːa | topet͡sen onal/ogənal |
| 2PL: | topet͡senda | topet͡sen odal/ogədal |
| 3PL: | topet͡senət | topet͡sen ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topet͡sem əʎe | om topet͡s əʎe |
| 2SG: | topet͡set əʎe | ot topet͡s əʎe |
| 3SG: | topet͡sa əʎe | ok/ogeʃ topet͡s əʎe |
| 1PL: | topet͡sena əʎe | ona/ogəna topet͡s əʎe |
| 2PL: | topet͡seda əʎe | oda/ogəda topet͡s əʎe |
| 3PL: | topet͡sat əʎe | ogət topet͡s əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topet͡sem ulmaʃ | om topet͡s ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | topet͡set ulmaʃ | ot topet͡s ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | topet͡sa ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ topet͡s ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | topet͡sena ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna topet͡s ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | topet͡seda ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda topet͡s ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | topet͡sat ulmaʃ | ogət topet͡s ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topet͡senam əʎe | topet͡sen oməl əʎe |
| 2SG: | topet͡senat əʎe | topet͡sen otəl əʎe |
| 3SG: | topet͡sen əʎe | topet͡sen ogəl əʎe |
| 1PL: | topet͡senːa əʎe | topet͡sen onal/ogənal əʎe |
| 2PL: | topet͡senda əʎe | topet͡sen odal/ogədal əʎe |
| 3PL: | topet͡sen əʎe | topet͡sen ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topet͡senam ulmaʃ | topet͡sen oməl ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | topet͡senat ulmaʃ | topet͡sen otəl ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | topet͡sen ulmaʃ | topet͡sen ogəl ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | topet͡senːa ulmaʃ | topet͡sen onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | topet͡senda ulmaʃ | topet͡sen odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | topet͡sen ulmaʃ | topet͡sen ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | topet͡s | it topet͡s |
| 3SG: | topet͡sʃe | ənʒe topet͡s |
| 1PL: | (topet͡sena) | (ona/ogəna topet͡s) |
| 2PL: | topet͡sːa | ida topet͡s |
| 3PL: | topet͡səʃt | ənəʃt topet͡s |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topet͡snem | ənem topet͡s |
| 2SG: | topet͡snet | ənet topet͡s |
| 3SG: | topet͡sneʒe | əneʒ topet͡s |
| 1PL: | topet͡snena | ənena topet͡s |
| 2PL: | topet͡sneda | əneda topet͡s |
| 3PL: | topet͡sneʃt | əneʃt topet͡s |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topet͡snem əʎe | ənem topet͡s əʎe |
| 2SG: | topet͡snena əʎe | ənet topet͡s əʎe |
| 3SG: | topet͡sneʒe əʎe | əneʒ topet͡s əʎe |
| 1PL: | topet͡snena əʎe | ənena topet͡s əʎe |
| 2PL: | topet͡sneda əʎe | əneda topet͡s əʎe |
| 3PL: | topet͡sneʃt əʎe | əneʃt topet͡s əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | topet͡snet ulmaʃ | ənet topet͡s ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | topet͡sneʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ topet͡s ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | topet͡sneda ulmaʃ | əneda topet͡s ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | topet͡sneʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt topet͡s ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | topet͡saʃ |
| Necessitive infinitive: | topet͡sman |
| Active participle: | topet͡sʃe |
| Passive participle: | topet͡sme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | topet͡sʃaʃ |
| Negative participle: | topet͡sdəme |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | topet͡sen |
| Negative gerund: | topet͡sde |
| Gerund of prior action: | topet͡smek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | topet͡smeʃ(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | topet͡sʃəla |
| Nominalization: | topet͡smaʃ |
| Negative nominalization: | topet͡sdəmaʃ |
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| Last update: 11 September 2024 Accessibility statement (German) |
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