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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topkatam | om topkata |
| 2SG: | topkatat | ot topkata |
| 3SG: | topkata | ok/ogeš topkata |
| 1PL: | topkatana | ona/ogə̑na topkata |
| 2PL: | topkatada | oda/ogə̑da topkata |
| 3PL: | topkatat | ogə̑t topkata |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topkatašə̑m | šə̑m topkata |
| 2SG: | topkatašə̑č́ | šə̑č́ topkata |
| 3SG: | topkataš | ə̑š topkata |
| 1PL: | topkatašna | ə̑šna topkata |
| 2PL: | topkatašda | ə̑šda topkata |
| 3PL: | topkatašt | ə̑št topkata |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topkatanam | topkatan omə̑l |
| 2SG: | topkatanat | topkatan otə̑l |
| 3SG: | topkatan | topkatan ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | topkatanna | topkatan onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | topkatanda | topkatan odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | topkatanə̑t | topkatan ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topkatam ə̑l'e | om topkata ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | topkatat ə̑l'e | ot topkata ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | topkata ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš topkata ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | topkatana ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na topkata ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | topkatada ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da topkata ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | topkatat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t topkata ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topkatam ulmaš | om topkata ulmaš |
| 2SG: | topkatat ulmaš | ot topkata ulmaš |
| 3SG: | topkata ulmaš | ok/ogeš topkata ulmaš |
| 1PL: | topkatana ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na topkata ulmaš |
| 2PL: | topkatada ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da topkata ulmaš |
| 3PL: | topkatat ulmaš | ogə̑t topkata ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topkatanam ə̑l'e | topkatan omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | topkatanat ə̑l'e | topkatan otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | topkatan ə̑l'e | topkatan ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | topkatanna ə̑l'e | topkatan onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | topkatanda ə̑l'e | topkatan odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | topkatan ə̑l'e | topkatan ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topkatanam ulmaš | topkatan omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | topkatanat ulmaš | topkatan otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | topkatan ulmaš | topkatan ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | topkatanna ulmaš | topkatan onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | topkatanda ulmaš | topkatan odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | topkatan ulmaš | topkatan ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | topkata | it topkata |
| 3SG: | topkataže | ə̑nže topkata |
| 1PL: | (topkatana) | (ona/ogə̑na topkata) |
| 2PL: | topkataza | ida topkata |
| 3PL: | topkatašt | ə̑nə̑št topkata |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topkatanem | ə̑nem topkata |
| 2SG: | topkatanet | ə̑net topkata |
| 3SG: | topkataneže | ə̑než topkata |
| 1PL: | topkatanena | ə̑nena topkata |
| 2PL: | topkataneda | ə̑neda topkata |
| 3PL: | topkatanešt | ə̑nešt topkata |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topkatanem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem topkata ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | topkatanena ə̑l'e | ə̑net topkata ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | topkataneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než topkata ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | topkatanena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena topkata ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | topkataneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda topkata ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | topkatanešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt topkata ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | topkatanet ulmaš | ə̑net topkata ulmaš |
| 3SG: | topkataneže ulmaš | ə̑než topkata ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | topkataneda ulmaš | ə̑neda topkata ulmaš |
| 3PL: | topkatanešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt topkata ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | topkataš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | topkataman |
| Active participle: | topkataše |
| Passive participle: | topkatame |
| Future-necessitive participle: | topkatašaš |
| Negative participle: | topkatadə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | topkatan |
| Negative gerund: | topkatade |
| Gerund of prior action: | topkatamek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | topkatameš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | topkatašə̑la |
| Nominalization: | topkatamaš |
| Negative nominalization: | topkatadə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 8 June 2024 | ||