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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | topkata |
Genitive: | topkatan |
Dative: | topkatalan |
Accusative: | topkatam |
Comparative: | topkatala |
Comitative: | topkatage |
Inessive: | topkataʃte |
Illative: | topkataʃ(ke) |
Lative: | topkataʃ |
1SG: | topkatam |
2SG: | topkatat |
3SG: | topkataʒ(e) |
1PL: | topkatana |
2PL: | topkatada |
3PL: | topkataʃt |
Plural (1): | topkata-βlak |
Plural (2): | topkata-ʃamət͡ɕ |
Short Plural: | topkatala |
Sociative Plural: | topkatamət |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | topkatam | topkata-βlak | topkata-βlakem, topkatam-βlak |
Genitive: | topkatamən | topkata-βlakən | topkata-βlakemən, topkatam-βlakən |
Dative: | topkatamlan, topkatalanem | topkata-βlaklan | topkata-βlakemlan, topkatam-βlaklan |
Accusative: | topkataməm | topkata-βlakəm | topkata-βlakeməm, topkatam-βlakəm |
Comparative: | topkatamla, topkatalam | topkata-βlakla | topkata-βlakemla, topkatam-βlakla |
Comitative: | topkatamge | topkata-βlakge | topkata-βlakemge, topkatam-βlakge |
Inessive: | topkataʃtem | topkata-βlakəʃte | topkata-βlakəʃtem, topkatam-βlakəʃte |
Illative: | topkataʃkem | topkata-βlakəʃ(ke) | topkata-βlakəʃkem, topkatam-βlakəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | topkataʃem | topkata-βlakeʃ | topkata-βlakeʃem, topkatam-βlakeʃ |
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Last update: 11 September 2024 Accessibility statement (German) |