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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | topnaš (-jem) |
Genitive: | topnaš (-jem)ə̑n |
Dative: | topnaš (-jem)lan |
Accusative: | topnaš (-jem)ə̑m |
Comparative: | topnaš (-jem)la |
Comitative: | topnaš (-jem)ge |
Inessive: | topnaš (-jem)ə̑šte |
Illative: | topnaš (-jem)ə̑š(ke) |
Lative: | topnaš (-jem)ješ |
1SG: | topnaš (-jem)jem |
2SG: | topnaš (-jem)jet |
3SG: | topnaš (-jem)že |
1PL: | topnaš (-jem)na |
2PL: | topnaš (-jem)da |
3PL: | topnaš (-jem)ə̑št |
Plural (1): | topnaš (-jem)-βlak |
Plural (2): | topnaš (-jem)-šamə̑č́ |
Short Plural: | topnaš (-jem)la |
Sociative Plural: | topnaš (-jem)mə̑t |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | topnaš (-jem)jem | topnaš (-jem)-βlak | topnaš (-jem)-βlakem, topnaš (-jem)jem-βlak |
Genitive: | topnaš (-jem)jemə̑n | topnaš (-jem)-βlakə̑n | topnaš (-jem)-βlakemə̑n, topnaš (-jem)jem-βlakə̑n |
Dative: | topnaš (-jem)jemlan, topnaš (-jem)lanem | topnaš (-jem)-βlaklan | topnaš (-jem)-βlakemlan, topnaš (-jem)jem-βlaklan |
Accusative: | topnaš (-jem)jemə̑m | topnaš (-jem)-βlakə̑m | topnaš (-jem)-βlakemə̑m, topnaš (-jem)jem-βlakə̑m |
Comparative: | topnaš (-jem)jemla, topnaš (-jem)lam | topnaš (-jem)-βlakla | topnaš (-jem)-βlakemla, topnaš (-jem)jem-βlakla |
Comitative: | topnaš (-jem)jemge | topnaš (-jem)-βlakge | topnaš (-jem)-βlakemge, topnaš (-jem)jem-βlakge |
Inessive: | topnaš (-jem)ə̑štem | topnaš (-jem)-βlakə̑šte | topnaš (-jem)-βlakə̑štem, topnaš (-jem)jem-βlakə̑šte |
Illative: | topnaš (-jem)ə̑škem | topnaš (-jem)-βlakə̑š(ke) | topnaš (-jem)-βlakə̑škem, topnaš (-jem)jem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
Lative: | topnaš (-jem)ješem | topnaš (-jem)-βlakeš | topnaš (-jem)-βlakešem, topnaš (-jem)jem-βlakeš |
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Last update: 11 September 2024 Accessibility statement (German) |