Paradigm Generator

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Paradigm Generator

Indicative Present

	Positive	Negative
1SG:	topsajem	om topsa
2SG:	topsajet	ot topsa
3SG:	topsaa	ok/ogeš topsa
1PL:	topsajena	ona/ogə̑na topsa
2PL:	topsajeda	oda/ogə̑da topsa
3PL:	topsaat	ogə̑t topsa

Indicative Simple Past I

	Positive	Negative
1SG:	topsašə̑m	šə̑m topsa
2SG:	topsašə̑č́	šə̑č́ topsa
3SG:	topsaš	ə̑š topsa
1PL:	topsašna	ə̑šna topsa
2PL:	topsašda	ə̑šda topsa
3PL:	topsašt	ə̑št topsa

Indicative Simple Past II

	Positive	Negative
1SG:	topsajenam	topsajen omə̑l
2SG:	topsajenat	topsajen otə̑l
3SG:	topsajen	topsajen ogə̑l
1PL:	topsajenna	topsajen onal/ogə̑nal
2PL:	topsajenda	topsajen odal/ogə̑dal
3PL:	topsajenə̑t	topsajen ogə̑tə̑l

Indicative Compound Past I

	Positive	Negative
1SG:	topsajem ə̑l'e	om topsa ə̑l'e
2SG:	topsajet ə̑l'e	ot topsa ə̑l'e
3SG:	topsaa ə̑l'e	ok/ogeš topsa ə̑l'e
1PL:	topsajena ə̑l'e	ona/ogə̑na topsa ə̑l'e
2PL:	topsajeda ə̑l'e	oda/ogə̑da topsa ə̑l'e
3PL:	topsaat ə̑l'e	ogə̑t topsa ə̑l'e

Indicative Compound Past II

	Positive	Negative
1SG:	topsajem ulmaš	om topsa ulmaš
2SG:	topsajet ulmaš	ot topsa ulmaš
3SG:	topsaa ulmaš	ok/ogeš topsa ulmaš
1PL:	topsajena ulmaš	ona/ogə̑na topsa ulmaš
2PL:	topsajeda ulmaš	oda/ogə̑da topsa ulmaš
3PL:	topsaat ulmaš	ogə̑t topsa ulmaš

Indicative Compound Past III

	Positive	Negative
1SG:	topsajenam ə̑l'e	topsajen omə̑l ə̑l'e
2SG:	topsajenat ə̑l'e	topsajen otə̑l ə̑l'e
3SG:	topsajen ə̑l'e	topsajen ogə̑l ə̑l'e
1PL:	topsajenna ə̑l'e	topsajen onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e
2PL:	topsajenda ə̑l'e	topsajen odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e
3PL:	topsajen ə̑l'e	topsajen ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e

Indicative Compound Past IV

	Positive	Negative
1SG:	topsajenam ulmaš	topsajen omə̑l ulmaš
2SG:	topsajenat ulmaš	topsajen otə̑l ulmaš
3SG:	topsajen ulmaš	topsajen ogə̑l ulmaš
1PL:	topsajenna ulmaš	topsajen onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš
2PL:	topsajenda ulmaš	topsajen odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš
3PL:	topsajen ulmaš	topsajen ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš

Imperative

	Positive	Negative
1SG:	/	/
2SG:	topsa	it topsa
3SG:	topsaže	ə̑nže topsa
1PL:	(topsajena)	(ona/ogə̑na topsa)
2PL:	topsaza	ida topsa
3PL:	topsašt	ə̑nə̑št topsa

Desiderative Present

	Positive	Negative
1SG:	topsanem	ə̑nem topsa
2SG:	topsanet	ə̑net topsa
3SG:	topsaneže	ə̑než topsa
1PL:	topsanena	ə̑nena topsa
2PL:	topsaneda	ə̑neda topsa
3PL:	topsanešt	ə̑nešt topsa

Desiderative Past I

	Positive	Negative
1SG:	topsanem ə̑l'e	ə̑nem topsa ə̑l'e
2SG:	topsanena ə̑l'e	ə̑net topsa ə̑l'e
3SG:	topsaneže ə̑l'e	ə̑než topsa ə̑l'e
1PL:	topsanena ə̑l'e	ə̑nena topsa ə̑l'e
2PL:	topsaneda ə̑l'e	ə̑neda topsa ə̑l'e
3PL:	topsanešt ə̑l'e	ə̑nešt topsa ə̑l'e

Desiderative Past II

	Positive	Negative
1SG:	/	/
2SG:	topsanet ulmaš	ə̑net topsa ulmaš
3SG:	topsaneže ulmaš	ə̑než topsa ulmaš
1PL:	/	/
2PL:	topsaneda ulmaš	ə̑neda topsa ulmaš
3PL:	topsanešt ulmaš	ə̑nešt topsa ulmaš

Non-finite forms

Infinitive:	topsaaš
Necessitive infinitive:	topsaman
Active participle:	topsaše
Passive participle:	topsame
Future-necessitive participle:	topsašaš
Negative participle:	topsadə̑me
Affirmative instructive gerund:	topsajen
Negative gerund:	topsade
Gerund of prior action:	topsamek(e)
Gerund of future action:	topsameš(ke)
Gerund of simultaneous action:	topsašə̑la
Nominalization:	topsamaš
Negative nominalization:	topsadə̑maš


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Last update: 8 June 2024