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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topem | om top |
| 2SG: | topet | ot top |
| 3SG: | topa | ok/ogeš top |
| 1PL: | topena | ona/ogə̑na top |
| 2PL: | topeda | oda/ogə̑da top |
| 3PL: | topat | ogə̑t top |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topə̑šə̑m | šə̑m top |
| 2SG: | topə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ top |
| 3SG: | topə̑š | ə̑š top |
| 1PL: | topə̑šna | ə̑šna top |
| 2PL: | topə̑šda | ə̑šda top |
| 3PL: | topə̑št | ə̑št top |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topenam | topen omə̑l |
| 2SG: | topenat | topen otə̑l |
| 3SG: | topen | topen ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | topenna | topen onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | topenda | topen odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | topenə̑t | topen ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topem ə̑l'e | om top ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | topet ə̑l'e | ot top ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | topa ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš top ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | topena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na top ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | topeda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da top ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | topat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t top ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topem ulmaš | om top ulmaš |
| 2SG: | topet ulmaš | ot top ulmaš |
| 3SG: | topa ulmaš | ok/ogeš top ulmaš |
| 1PL: | topena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na top ulmaš |
| 2PL: | topeda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da top ulmaš |
| 3PL: | topat ulmaš | ogə̑t top ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topenam ə̑l'e | topen omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | topenat ə̑l'e | topen otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | topen ə̑l'e | topen ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | topenna ə̑l'e | topen onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | topenda ə̑l'e | topen odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | topen ə̑l'e | topen ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topenam ulmaš | topen omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | topenat ulmaš | topen otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | topen ulmaš | topen ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | topenna ulmaš | topen onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | topenda ulmaš | topen odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | topen ulmaš | topen ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | top | it top |
| 3SG: | topšo | ə̑nže top |
| 1PL: | (topena) | (ona/ogə̑na top) |
| 2PL: | topsa | ida top |
| 3PL: | topə̑št | ə̑nə̑št top |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topnem | ə̑nem top |
| 2SG: | topnet | ə̑net top |
| 3SG: | topneže | ə̑než top |
| 1PL: | topnena | ə̑nena top |
| 2PL: | topneda | ə̑neda top |
| 3PL: | topnešt | ə̑nešt top |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | topnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem top ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | topnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net top ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | topneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než top ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | topnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena top ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | topneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda top ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | topnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt top ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | topnet ulmaš | ə̑net top ulmaš |
| 3SG: | topneže ulmaš | ə̑než top ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | topneda ulmaš | ə̑neda top ulmaš |
| 3PL: | topnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt top ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | topaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | topman |
| Active participle: | topšo |
| Passive participle: | topmo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | topšaš |
| Negative participle: | topdə̑mo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | topen |
| Negative gerund: | topde |
| Gerund of prior action: | topmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | topmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | topšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | topmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | topdə̑maš |
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| Last update: 11 September 2024 Accessibility statement (German) |
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