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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | toʃkəʃtmaʃ |
Genitive: | toʃkəʃtmaʃən |
Dative: | toʃkəʃtmaʃlan |
Accusative: | toʃkəʃtmaʃəm |
Comparative: | toʃkəʃtmaʃla |
Comitative: | toʃkəʃtmaʃge |
Inessive: | toʃkəʃtmaʃte, toʃkəʃtmaʃəʃte |
Illative: | toʃkəʃtmaʃke, toʃkəʃtmaʃəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | toʃkəʃtmaʃeʃ |
1SG: | toʃkəʃtmaʃem |
2SG: | toʃkəʃtmaʃet |
3SG: | toʃkəʃtmaʃːe, toʃkəʃtmaʃəʒ(e) |
1PL: | toʃkəʃtmaʃna |
2PL: | toʃkəʃtmaʃda |
3PL: | toʃkəʃtmaʃəʃt |
Plural (1): | toʃkəʃtmaʃ-βlak |
Plural (2): | toʃkəʃtmaʃ-ʃamət͡ɕ |
Short Plural: | toʃkəʃtmaʃla |
Sociative Plural: | toʃkəʃtmaʃmət |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | toʃkəʃtmaʃem | toʃkəʃtmaʃ-βlak | toʃkəʃtmaʃ-βlakem, toʃkəʃtmaʃem-βlak |
Genitive: | toʃkəʃtmaʃemən | toʃkəʃtmaʃ-βlakən | toʃkəʃtmaʃ-βlakemən, toʃkəʃtmaʃem-βlakən |
Dative: | toʃkəʃtmaʃemlan, toʃkəʃtmaʃlanem | toʃkəʃtmaʃ-βlaklan | toʃkəʃtmaʃ-βlakemlan, toʃkəʃtmaʃem-βlaklan |
Accusative: | toʃkəʃtmaʃeməm | toʃkəʃtmaʃ-βlakəm | toʃkəʃtmaʃ-βlakeməm, toʃkəʃtmaʃem-βlakəm |
Comparative: | toʃkəʃtmaʃemla, toʃkəʃtmaʃlam | toʃkəʃtmaʃ-βlakla | toʃkəʃtmaʃ-βlakemla, toʃkəʃtmaʃem-βlakla |
Comitative: | toʃkəʃtmaʃemge | toʃkəʃtmaʃ-βlakge | toʃkəʃtmaʃ-βlakemge, toʃkəʃtmaʃem-βlakge |
Inessive: | toʃkəʃtmaʃtem, toʃkəʃtmaʃəʃtem | toʃkəʃtmaʃ-βlakəʃte | toʃkəʃtmaʃ-βlakəʃtem, toʃkəʃtmaʃem-βlakəʃte |
Illative: | toʃkəʃtmaʃkem, toʃkəʃtmaʃəʃkem | toʃkəʃtmaʃ-βlakəʃ(ke) | toʃkəʃtmaʃ-βlakəʃkem, toʃkəʃtmaʃem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
Lative: | toʃkəʃtmaʃeʃem | toʃkəʃtmaʃ-βlakeʃ | toʃkəʃtmaʃ-βlakeʃem, toʃkəʃtmaʃem-βlakeʃ |
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Last update: 11 September 2024 Accessibility statement (German) |