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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tupelam | om tupela |
| 2SG: | tupelat | ot tupela |
| 3SG: | tupela | ok/ogeš tupela |
| 1PL: | tupelana | ona/ogə̑na tupela |
| 2PL: | tupelada | oda/ogə̑da tupela |
| 3PL: | tupelat | ogə̑t tupela |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tupelašə̑m | šə̑m tupela |
| 2SG: | tupelašə̑č́ | šə̑č́ tupela |
| 3SG: | tupelaš | ə̑š tupela |
| 1PL: | tupelašna | ə̑šna tupela |
| 2PL: | tupelašda | ə̑šda tupela |
| 3PL: | tupelašt | ə̑št tupela |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tupelanam | tupelan omə̑l |
| 2SG: | tupelanat | tupelan otə̑l |
| 3SG: | tupelan | tupelan ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | tupelanna | tupelan onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | tupelanda | tupelan odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | tupelanə̑t | tupelan ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tupelam ə̑l'e | om tupela ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | tupelat ə̑l'e | ot tupela ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | tupela ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš tupela ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | tupelana ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na tupela ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | tupelada ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da tupela ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | tupelat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t tupela ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tupelam ulmaš | om tupela ulmaš |
| 2SG: | tupelat ulmaš | ot tupela ulmaš |
| 3SG: | tupela ulmaš | ok/ogeš tupela ulmaš |
| 1PL: | tupelana ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na tupela ulmaš |
| 2PL: | tupelada ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da tupela ulmaš |
| 3PL: | tupelat ulmaš | ogə̑t tupela ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tupelanam ə̑l'e | tupelan omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | tupelanat ə̑l'e | tupelan otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | tupelan ə̑l'e | tupelan ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | tupelanna ə̑l'e | tupelan onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | tupelanda ə̑l'e | tupelan odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | tupelan ə̑l'e | tupelan ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tupelanam ulmaš | tupelan omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | tupelanat ulmaš | tupelan otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | tupelan ulmaš | tupelan ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | tupelanna ulmaš | tupelan onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | tupelanda ulmaš | tupelan odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | tupelan ulmaš | tupelan ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | tupela | it tupela |
| 3SG: | tupelaže | ə̑nže tupela |
| 1PL: | (tupelana) | (ona/ogə̑na tupela) |
| 2PL: | tupelaza | ida tupela |
| 3PL: | tupelašt | ə̑nə̑št tupela |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tupelanem | ə̑nem tupela |
| 2SG: | tupelanet | ə̑net tupela |
| 3SG: | tupelaneže | ə̑než tupela |
| 1PL: | tupelanena | ə̑nena tupela |
| 2PL: | tupelaneda | ə̑neda tupela |
| 3PL: | tupelanešt | ə̑nešt tupela |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tupelanem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem tupela ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | tupelanena ə̑l'e | ə̑net tupela ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | tupelaneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než tupela ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | tupelanena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena tupela ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | tupelaneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda tupela ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | tupelanešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt tupela ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | tupelanet ulmaš | ə̑net tupela ulmaš |
| 3SG: | tupelaneže ulmaš | ə̑než tupela ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | tupelaneda ulmaš | ə̑neda tupela ulmaš |
| 3PL: | tupelanešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt tupela ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | tupelaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | tupelaman |
| Active participle: | tupelaše |
| Passive participle: | tupelame |
| Future-necessitive participle: | tupelašaš |
| Negative participle: | tupeladə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | tupelan |
| Negative gerund: | tupelade |
| Gerund of prior action: | tupelamek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | tupelameš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | tupelašə̑la |
| Nominalization: | tupelamaš |
| Negative nominalization: | tupeladə̑maš |
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| Last update: 11 September 2024 Accessibility statement (German) |
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