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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tupkajem | om tupka |
| 2SG: | tupkajet | ot tupka |
| 3SG: | tupkaː | ok/ogeʃ tupka |
| 1PL: | tupkajena | ona/ogəna tupka |
| 2PL: | tupkajeda | oda/ogəda tupka |
| 3PL: | tupkaːt | ogət tupka |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tupkaʃəm | ʃəm tupka |
| 2SG: | tupkaʃət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ tupka |
| 3SG: | tupkaʃ | əʃ tupka |
| 1PL: | tupkaʃna | əʃna tupka |
| 2PL: | tupkaʃda | əʃda tupka |
| 3PL: | tupkaʃt | əʃt tupka |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tupkajenam | tupkajen oməl |
| 2SG: | tupkajenat | tupkajen otəl |
| 3SG: | tupkajen | tupkajen ogəl |
| 1PL: | tupkajenːa | tupkajen onal/ogənal |
| 2PL: | tupkajenda | tupkajen odal/ogədal |
| 3PL: | tupkajenət | tupkajen ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tupkajem əʎe | om tupka əʎe |
| 2SG: | tupkajet əʎe | ot tupka əʎe |
| 3SG: | tupkaː əʎe | ok/ogeʃ tupka əʎe |
| 1PL: | tupkajena əʎe | ona/ogəna tupka əʎe |
| 2PL: | tupkajeda əʎe | oda/ogəda tupka əʎe |
| 3PL: | tupkaːt əʎe | ogət tupka əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tupkajem ulmaʃ | om tupka ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | tupkajet ulmaʃ | ot tupka ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | tupkaː ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ tupka ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | tupkajena ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna tupka ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | tupkajeda ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda tupka ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | tupkaːt ulmaʃ | ogət tupka ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tupkajenam əʎe | tupkajen oməl əʎe |
| 2SG: | tupkajenat əʎe | tupkajen otəl əʎe |
| 3SG: | tupkajen əʎe | tupkajen ogəl əʎe |
| 1PL: | tupkajenːa əʎe | tupkajen onal/ogənal əʎe |
| 2PL: | tupkajenda əʎe | tupkajen odal/ogədal əʎe |
| 3PL: | tupkajen əʎe | tupkajen ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tupkajenam ulmaʃ | tupkajen oməl ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | tupkajenat ulmaʃ | tupkajen otəl ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | tupkajen ulmaʃ | tupkajen ogəl ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | tupkajenːa ulmaʃ | tupkajen onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | tupkajenda ulmaʃ | tupkajen odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | tupkajen ulmaʃ | tupkajen ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | tupka | it tupka |
| 3SG: | tupkaʒe | ənʒe tupka |
| 1PL: | (tupkajena) | (ona/ogəna tupka) |
| 2PL: | tupkaza | ida tupka |
| 3PL: | tupkaʃt | ənəʃt tupka |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tupkanem | ənem tupka |
| 2SG: | tupkanet | ənet tupka |
| 3SG: | tupkaneʒe | əneʒ tupka |
| 1PL: | tupkanena | ənena tupka |
| 2PL: | tupkaneda | əneda tupka |
| 3PL: | tupkaneʃt | əneʃt tupka |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tupkanem əʎe | ənem tupka əʎe |
| 2SG: | tupkanena əʎe | ənet tupka əʎe |
| 3SG: | tupkaneʒe əʎe | əneʒ tupka əʎe |
| 1PL: | tupkanena əʎe | ənena tupka əʎe |
| 2PL: | tupkaneda əʎe | əneda tupka əʎe |
| 3PL: | tupkaneʃt əʎe | əneʃt tupka əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | tupkanet ulmaʃ | ənet tupka ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | tupkaneʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ tupka ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | tupkaneda ulmaʃ | əneda tupka ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | tupkaneʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt tupka ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | tupkaːʃ |
| Necessitive infinitive: | tupkaman |
| Active participle: | tupkaʃe |
| Passive participle: | tupkame |
| Future-necessitive participle: | tupkaʃaʃ |
| Negative participle: | tupkadəme |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | tupkajen |
| Negative gerund: | tupkade |
| Gerund of prior action: | tupkamek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | tupkameʃ(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | tupkaʃəla |
| Nominalization: | tupkamaʃ |
| Negative nominalization: | tupkadəmaʃ |
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| Last update: 11 September 2024 Accessibility statement (German) |
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