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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | χal'kogenem | om χal'kogen |
| 2SG: | χal'kogenet | ot χal'kogen |
| 3SG: | χal'kogena | ok/ogeš χal'kogen |
| 1PL: | χal'kogenena | ona/ogə̑na χal'kogen |
| 2PL: | χal'kogeneda | oda/ogə̑da χal'kogen |
| 3PL: | χal'kogenat | ogə̑t χal'kogen |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | χal'kogenə̑šə̑m | šə̑m χal'kogen |
| 2SG: | χal'kogenə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ χal'kogen |
| 3SG: | χal'kogenə̑š | ə̑š χal'kogen |
| 1PL: | χal'kogenə̑šna | ə̑šna χal'kogen |
| 2PL: | χal'kogenə̑šda | ə̑šda χal'kogen |
| 3PL: | χal'kogenə̑št | ə̑št χal'kogen |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | χal'kogenenam | χal'kogenen omə̑l |
| 2SG: | χal'kogenenat | χal'kogenen otə̑l |
| 3SG: | χal'kogenen | χal'kogenen ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | χal'kogenenna | χal'kogenen onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | χal'kogenenda | χal'kogenen odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | χal'kogenenə̑t | χal'kogenen ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | χal'kogenem ə̑l'e | om χal'kogen ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | χal'kogenet ə̑l'e | ot χal'kogen ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | χal'kogena ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš χal'kogen ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | χal'kogenena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na χal'kogen ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | χal'kogeneda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da χal'kogen ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | χal'kogenat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t χal'kogen ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | χal'kogenem ulmaš | om χal'kogen ulmaš |
| 2SG: | χal'kogenet ulmaš | ot χal'kogen ulmaš |
| 3SG: | χal'kogena ulmaš | ok/ogeš χal'kogen ulmaš |
| 1PL: | χal'kogenena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na χal'kogen ulmaš |
| 2PL: | χal'kogeneda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da χal'kogen ulmaš |
| 3PL: | χal'kogenat ulmaš | ogə̑t χal'kogen ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | χal'kogenenam ə̑l'e | χal'kogenen omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | χal'kogenenat ə̑l'e | χal'kogenen otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | χal'kogenen ə̑l'e | χal'kogenen ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | χal'kogenenna ə̑l'e | χal'kogenen onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | χal'kogenenda ə̑l'e | χal'kogenen odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | χal'kogenen ə̑l'e | χal'kogenen ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | χal'kogenenam ulmaš | χal'kogenen omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | χal'kogenenat ulmaš | χal'kogenen otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | χal'kogenen ulmaš | χal'kogenen ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | χal'kogenenna ulmaš | χal'kogenen onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | χal'kogenenda ulmaš | χal'kogenen odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | χal'kogenen ulmaš | χal'kogenen ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | χal'kogen | it χal'kogen |
| 3SG: | χal'kogenže | ə̑nže χal'kogen |
| 1PL: | (χal'kogenena) | (ona/ogə̑na χal'kogen) |
| 2PL: | χal'kogenza | ida χal'kogen |
| 3PL: | χal'kogenə̑št | ə̑nə̑št χal'kogen |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | χal'kogennem | ə̑nem χal'kogen |
| 2SG: | χal'kogennet | ə̑net χal'kogen |
| 3SG: | χal'kogenneže | ə̑než χal'kogen |
| 1PL: | χal'kogennena | ə̑nena χal'kogen |
| 2PL: | χal'kogenneda | ə̑neda χal'kogen |
| 3PL: | χal'kogennešt | ə̑nešt χal'kogen |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | χal'kogennem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem χal'kogen ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | χal'kogennena ə̑l'e | ə̑net χal'kogen ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | χal'kogenneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než χal'kogen ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | χal'kogennena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena χal'kogen ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | χal'kogenneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda χal'kogen ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | χal'kogennešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt χal'kogen ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | χal'kogennet ulmaš | ə̑net χal'kogen ulmaš |
| 3SG: | χal'kogenneže ulmaš | ə̑než χal'kogen ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | χal'kogenneda ulmaš | ə̑neda χal'kogen ulmaš |
| 3PL: | χal'kogennešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt χal'kogen ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | χal'kogenaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | χal'kogenman |
| Active participle: | χal'kogenše |
| Passive participle: | χal'kogenme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | χal'kogenšaš |
| Negative participle: | χal'kogendə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | χal'kogenen |
| Negative gerund: | χal'kogende |
| Gerund of prior action: | χal'kogenmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | χal'kogenmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | χal'kogenšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | χal'kogenmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | χal'kogendə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 26 June 2024 | ||