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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ʃapkam | om ʃapka |
| 2SG: | ʃapkat | ot ʃapka |
| 3SG: | ʃapka | ok/ogeʃ ʃapka |
| 1PL: | ʃapkana | ona/ogəna ʃapka |
| 2PL: | ʃapkada | oda/ogəda ʃapka |
| 3PL: | ʃapkat | ogət ʃapka |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ʃapkaʃəm | ʃəm ʃapka |
| 2SG: | ʃapkaʃət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ ʃapka |
| 3SG: | ʃapkaʃ | əʃ ʃapka |
| 1PL: | ʃapkaʃna | əʃna ʃapka |
| 2PL: | ʃapkaʃda | əʃda ʃapka |
| 3PL: | ʃapkaʃt | əʃt ʃapka |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ʃapkanam | ʃapkan oməl |
| 2SG: | ʃapkanat | ʃapkan otəl |
| 3SG: | ʃapkan | ʃapkan ogəl |
| 1PL: | ʃapkanːa | ʃapkan onal/ogənal |
| 2PL: | ʃapkanda | ʃapkan odal/ogədal |
| 3PL: | ʃapkanət | ʃapkan ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ʃapkam əʎe | om ʃapka əʎe |
| 2SG: | ʃapkat əʎe | ot ʃapka əʎe |
| 3SG: | ʃapka əʎe | ok/ogeʃ ʃapka əʎe |
| 1PL: | ʃapkana əʎe | ona/ogəna ʃapka əʎe |
| 2PL: | ʃapkada əʎe | oda/ogəda ʃapka əʎe |
| 3PL: | ʃapkat əʎe | ogət ʃapka əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ʃapkam ulmaʃ | om ʃapka ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | ʃapkat ulmaʃ | ot ʃapka ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | ʃapka ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ ʃapka ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | ʃapkana ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna ʃapka ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | ʃapkada ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda ʃapka ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | ʃapkat ulmaʃ | ogət ʃapka ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ʃapkanam əʎe | ʃapkan oməl əʎe |
| 2SG: | ʃapkanat əʎe | ʃapkan otəl əʎe |
| 3SG: | ʃapkan əʎe | ʃapkan ogəl əʎe |
| 1PL: | ʃapkanːa əʎe | ʃapkan onal/ogənal əʎe |
| 2PL: | ʃapkanda əʎe | ʃapkan odal/ogədal əʎe |
| 3PL: | ʃapkan əʎe | ʃapkan ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ʃapkanam ulmaʃ | ʃapkan oməl ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | ʃapkanat ulmaʃ | ʃapkan otəl ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | ʃapkan ulmaʃ | ʃapkan ogəl ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | ʃapkanːa ulmaʃ | ʃapkan onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | ʃapkanda ulmaʃ | ʃapkan odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | ʃapkan ulmaʃ | ʃapkan ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | ʃapka | it ʃapka |
| 3SG: | ʃapkaʒe | ənʒe ʃapka |
| 1PL: | (ʃapkana) | (ona/ogəna ʃapka) |
| 2PL: | ʃapkaza | ida ʃapka |
| 3PL: | ʃapkaʃt | ənəʃt ʃapka |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ʃapkanem | ənem ʃapka |
| 2SG: | ʃapkanet | ənet ʃapka |
| 3SG: | ʃapkaneʒe | əneʒ ʃapka |
| 1PL: | ʃapkanena | ənena ʃapka |
| 2PL: | ʃapkaneda | əneda ʃapka |
| 3PL: | ʃapkaneʃt | əneʃt ʃapka |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | ʃapkanem əʎe | ənem ʃapka əʎe |
| 2SG: | ʃapkanena əʎe | ənet ʃapka əʎe |
| 3SG: | ʃapkaneʒe əʎe | əneʒ ʃapka əʎe |
| 1PL: | ʃapkanena əʎe | ənena ʃapka əʎe |
| 2PL: | ʃapkaneda əʎe | əneda ʃapka əʎe |
| 3PL: | ʃapkaneʃt əʎe | əneʃt ʃapka əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | ʃapkanet ulmaʃ | ənet ʃapka ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | ʃapkaneʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ ʃapka ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | ʃapkaneda ulmaʃ | əneda ʃapka ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | ʃapkaneʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt ʃapka ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | ʃapkaʃ |
| Necessitive infinitive: | ʃapkaman |
| Active participle: | ʃapkaʃe |
| Passive participle: | ʃapkame |
| Future-necessitive participle: | ʃapkaʃaʃ |
| Negative participle: | ʃapkadəme |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | ʃapkan |
| Negative gerund: | ʃapkade |
| Gerund of prior action: | ʃapkamek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | ʃapkameʃ(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | ʃapkaʃəla |
| Nominalization: | ʃapkamaʃ |
| Negative nominalization: | ʃapkadəmaʃ |
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| Last update: 26 June 2024 | ||