Paradigm Generator
Этот материал на данный момент доступен только на английском языке. Марийская и русская версии разрабатываются и скоро будут опубликованы.
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | topč́ə̑lem | om topč́ə̑lo |
2SG: | topč́ə̑let | ot topč́ə̑lo |
3SG: | topč́ə̑la | ok/ogeš topč́ə̑lo |
1PL: | topč́ə̑lena | ona/ogə̑na topč́ə̑lo |
2PL: | topč́ə̑leda | oda/ogə̑da topč́ə̑lo |
3PL: | topč́ə̑lat | ogə̑t topč́ə̑lo |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | topč́ə̑lə̑šə̑m | šə̑m topč́ə̑lo |
2SG: | topč́ə̑lə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ topč́ə̑lo |
3SG: | topč́ə̑lə̑š | ə̑š topč́ə̑lo |
1PL: | topč́ə̑lə̑šna | ə̑šna topč́ə̑lo |
2PL: | topč́ə̑lə̑šda | ə̑šda topč́ə̑lo |
3PL: | topč́ə̑lə̑št | ə̑št topč́ə̑lo |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | topč́ə̑lenam | topč́ə̑len omə̑l |
2SG: | topč́ə̑lenat | topč́ə̑len otə̑l |
3SG: | topč́ə̑len | topč́ə̑len ogə̑l |
1PL: | topč́ə̑lenna | topč́ə̑len onal/ogə̑nal |
2PL: | topč́ə̑lenda | topč́ə̑len odal/ogə̑dal |
3PL: | topč́ə̑lenə̑t | topč́ə̑len ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | topč́ə̑lem ə̑l'e | om topč́ə̑lo ə̑l'e |
2SG: | topč́ə̑let ə̑l'e | ot topč́ə̑lo ə̑l'e |
3SG: | topč́ə̑la ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš topč́ə̑lo ə̑l'e |
1PL: | topč́ə̑lena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na topč́ə̑lo ə̑l'e |
2PL: | topč́ə̑leda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da topč́ə̑lo ə̑l'e |
3PL: | topč́ə̑lat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t topč́ə̑lo ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | topč́ə̑lem ulmaš | om topč́ə̑lo ulmaš |
2SG: | topč́ə̑let ulmaš | ot topč́ə̑lo ulmaš |
3SG: | topč́ə̑la ulmaš | ok/ogeš topč́ə̑lo ulmaš |
1PL: | topč́ə̑lena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na topč́ə̑lo ulmaš |
2PL: | topč́ə̑leda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da topč́ə̑lo ulmaš |
3PL: | topč́ə̑lat ulmaš | ogə̑t topč́ə̑lo ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | topč́ə̑lenam ə̑l'e | topč́ə̑len omə̑l ə̑l'e |
2SG: | topč́ə̑lenat ə̑l'e | topč́ə̑len otə̑l ə̑l'e |
3SG: | topč́ə̑len ə̑l'e | topč́ə̑len ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
1PL: | topč́ə̑lenna ə̑l'e | topč́ə̑len onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
2PL: | topč́ə̑lenda ə̑l'e | topč́ə̑len odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
3PL: | topč́ə̑len ə̑l'e | topč́ə̑len ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | topč́ə̑lenam ulmaš | topč́ə̑len omə̑l ulmaš |
2SG: | topč́ə̑lenat ulmaš | topč́ə̑len otə̑l ulmaš |
3SG: | topč́ə̑len ulmaš | topč́ə̑len ogə̑l ulmaš |
1PL: | topč́ə̑lenna ulmaš | topč́ə̑len onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
2PL: | topč́ə̑lenda ulmaš | topč́ə̑len odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
3PL: | topč́ə̑len ulmaš | topč́ə̑len ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | / | / |
2SG: | topč́ə̑lo | it topč́ə̑lo |
3SG: | topč́ə̑lə̑žo | ə̑nže topč́ə̑lo |
1PL: | (topč́ə̑lena) | (ona/ogə̑na topč́ə̑lo) |
2PL: | topč́ə̑lə̑za | ida topč́ə̑lo |
3PL: | topč́ə̑lə̑št | ə̑nə̑št topč́ə̑lo |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | topč́ə̑lə̑nem | ə̑nem topč́ə̑lo |
2SG: | topč́ə̑lə̑net | ə̑net topč́ə̑lo |
3SG: | topč́ə̑lə̑neže | ə̑než topč́ə̑lo |
1PL: | topč́ə̑lə̑nena | ə̑nena topč́ə̑lo |
2PL: | topč́ə̑lə̑neda | ə̑neda topč́ə̑lo |
3PL: | topč́ə̑lə̑nešt | ə̑nešt topč́ə̑lo |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | topč́ə̑lə̑nem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem topč́ə̑lo ə̑l'e |
2SG: | topč́ə̑lə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑net topč́ə̑lo ə̑l'e |
3SG: | topč́ə̑lə̑neže ə̑l'e | ə̑než topč́ə̑lo ə̑l'e |
1PL: | topč́ə̑lə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena topč́ə̑lo ə̑l'e |
2PL: | topč́ə̑lə̑neda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda topč́ə̑lo ə̑l'e |
3PL: | topč́ə̑lə̑nešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt topč́ə̑lo ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
1SG: | / | / |
2SG: | topč́ə̑lə̑net ulmaš | ə̑net topč́ə̑lo ulmaš |
3SG: | topč́ə̑lə̑neže ulmaš | ə̑než topč́ə̑lo ulmaš |
1PL: | / | / |
2PL: | topč́ə̑lə̑neda ulmaš | ə̑neda topč́ə̑lo ulmaš |
3PL: | topč́ə̑lə̑nešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt topč́ə̑lo ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
Infinitive: | topč́ə̑laš |
Necessitive infinitive: | topč́ə̑lə̑man |
Active participle: | topč́ə̑lə̑šo |
Passive participle: | topč́ə̑lə̑mo |
Future-necessitive participle: | topč́ə̑lə̑šaš |
Negative participle: | topč́ə̑lə̑də̑mo |
Affirmative instructive gerund: | topč́ə̑len |
Negative gerund: | topč́ə̑lə̑de |
Gerund of prior action: | topč́ə̑lə̑mek(e) |
Gerund of future action: | topč́ə̑lə̑meš(ke) |
Gerund of simultaneous action: | topč́ə̑lə̑šə̑la |
Nominalization: | topč́ə̑lə̑maš |
Negative nominalization: | topč́ə̑lə̑də̑maš |