Paradigm Generator
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Paradigm Generator

Этот материал на данный момент доступен только на английском языке. Марийская и русская версии разрабатываются и скоро будут опубликованы.

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Орфография: ○ кириллица ● УФА (UPA) ○ МФА (IPA)

Indicative Present

PositiveNegative
1SG:topč́anemom topč́an
2SG:topč́anetot topč́an
3SG:topč́anaok/ogeš topč́an
1PL:topč́anenaona/ogə̑na topč́an
2PL:topč́anedaoda/ogə̑da topč́an
3PL:topč́anatogə̑t topč́an

Indicative Simple Past I

PositiveNegative
1SG:topč́anə̑šə̑mšə̑m topč́an
2SG:topč́anə̑šə̑č́šə̑č́ topč́an
3SG:topč́anə̑šə̑š topč́an
1PL:topč́anə̑šnaə̑šna topč́an
2PL:topč́anə̑šdaə̑šda topč́an
3PL:topč́anə̑štə̑št topč́an

Indicative Simple Past II

PositiveNegative
1SG:topč́anenamtopč́anen omə̑l
2SG:topč́anenattopč́anen otə̑l
3SG:topč́anentopč́anen ogə̑l
1PL:topč́anennatopč́anen onal/ogə̑nal
2PL:topč́anendatopč́anen odal/ogə̑dal
3PL:topč́anenə̑ttopč́anen ogə̑tə̑l

Indicative Compound Past I

PositiveNegative
1SG:topč́anem ə̑l'eom topč́an ə̑l'e
2SG:topč́anet ə̑l'eot topč́an ə̑l'e
3SG:topč́ana ə̑l'eok/ogeš topč́an ə̑l'e
1PL:topč́anena ə̑l'eona/ogə̑na topč́an ə̑l'e
2PL:topč́aneda ə̑l'eoda/ogə̑da topč́an ə̑l'e
3PL:topč́anat ə̑l'eogə̑t topč́an ə̑l'e

Indicative Compound Past II

PositiveNegative
1SG:topč́anem ulmašom topč́an ulmaš
2SG:topč́anet ulmašot topč́an ulmaš
3SG:topč́ana ulmašok/ogeš topč́an ulmaš
1PL:topč́anena ulmašona/ogə̑na topč́an ulmaš
2PL:topč́aneda ulmašoda/ogə̑da topč́an ulmaš
3PL:topč́anat ulmašogə̑t topč́an ulmaš

Indicative Compound Past III

PositiveNegative
1SG:topč́anenam ə̑l'etopč́anen omə̑l ə̑l'e
2SG:topč́anenat ə̑l'etopč́anen otə̑l ə̑l'e
3SG:topč́anen ə̑l'etopč́anen ogə̑l ə̑l'e
1PL:topč́anenna ə̑l'etopč́anen onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e
2PL:topč́anenda ə̑l'etopč́anen odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e
3PL:topč́anen ə̑l'etopč́anen ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e

Indicative Compound Past IV

PositiveNegative
1SG:topč́anenam ulmaštopč́anen omə̑l ulmaš
2SG:topč́anenat ulmaštopč́anen otə̑l ulmaš
3SG:topč́anen ulmaštopč́anen ogə̑l ulmaš
1PL:topč́anenna ulmaštopč́anen onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš
2PL:topč́anenda ulmaštopč́anen odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš
3PL:topč́anen ulmaštopč́anen ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš

Imperative

PositiveNegative
1SG://
2SG:topč́anit topč́an
3SG:topč́anžeə̑nže topč́an
1PL:(topč́anena)(ona/ogə̑na topč́an)
2PL:topč́anzaida topč́an
3PL:topč́anə̑štə̑nə̑št topč́an

Desiderative Present

PositiveNegative
1SG:topč́annemə̑nem topč́an
2SG:topč́annetə̑net topč́an
3SG:topč́annežeə̑než topč́an
1PL:topč́annenaə̑nena topč́an
2PL:topč́annedaə̑neda topč́an
3PL:topč́anneštə̑nešt topč́an

Desiderative Past I

PositiveNegative
1SG:topč́annem ə̑l'eə̑nem topč́an ə̑l'e
2SG:topč́annena ə̑l'eə̑net topč́an ə̑l'e
3SG:topč́anneže ə̑l'eə̑než topč́an ə̑l'e
1PL:topč́annena ə̑l'eə̑nena topč́an ə̑l'e
2PL:topč́anneda ə̑l'eə̑neda topč́an ə̑l'e
3PL:topč́annešt ə̑l'eə̑nešt topč́an ə̑l'e

Desiderative Past II

PositiveNegative
1SG://
2SG:topč́annet ulmašə̑net topč́an ulmaš
3SG:topč́anneže ulmašə̑než topč́an ulmaš
1PL://
2PL:topč́anneda ulmašə̑neda topč́an ulmaš
3PL:topč́annešt ulmašə̑nešt topč́an ulmaš

Non-finite forms

Infinitive:topč́anaš
Necessitive infinitive:topč́anman
Active participle:topč́anše
Passive participle:topč́anme
Future-necessitive participle:topč́anšaš
Negative participle:topč́andə̑me
Affirmative instructive gerund:topč́anen
Negative gerund:topč́ande
Gerund of prior action:topč́anmek(e)
Gerund of future action:topč́anmeš(ke)
Gerund of simultaneous action:topč́anšə̑la
Nominalization:topč́anmaš
Negative nominalization:topč́andə̑maš


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